Related Topics: “栈”: https://leetcode.com/tag/stack/ “数组”: https://leetcode.com/tag/array/ “双指针”: https://leetcode.com/tag/two-pointers/ “动态规划”: https://leetcode.com/tag/dynamic-programming/ “单调栈”: https://leetcode.com/tag/monotonic-stack/ Similar Questions: “盛最多水的容器”: https://leetcode.com/problems/container-with-most-water/ “除自身以外数组的乘积”: https://leetcode.com/problems/product-of-array-except-self/ “接雨水 II”: https://leetcode.com/problems/trapping-rain-water-ii/

“倒水”: https://leetcode.com/problems/pour-water/ Link to heading

Problem: Link to heading

给定 n 个非负整数表示每个宽度为 1 的柱子的高度图，计算按此排列的柱子，下雨之后能接多少雨水。

示例 1：

输入：height = [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]
输出：6
解释：上面是由数组 [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1] 表示的高度图，在这种情况下，可以接 6 个单位的雨水（蓝色部分表示雨水）。

示例 2：

输入：height = [4,2,0,3,2,5]
输出：9

提示：

  • n == height.length
  • 1 <= n <= 2 * 104
  • 0 <= height[i] <= 105

Solution: Link to heading

方法一：动态规划 Link to heading

截屏2021-10-05 下午8.55.59

class Solution {
public:
    int trap(vector<int>& height) {
        int n = height.size();
        if (n == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        vector<int> leftMax(n);
        leftMax[0] = height[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            leftMax[i] = max(leftMax[i - 1], height[i]);
        }

        vector<int> rightMax(n);
        rightMax[n - 1] = height[n - 1];
        for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
            rightMax[i] = max(rightMax[i + 1], height[i]);
        }

        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            ans += min(leftMax[i], rightMax[i]) - height[i];
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

方法二：单调栈 Link to heading

截屏2021-10-05 下午8.00.31

class Solution {
public:
    int trap(vector<int>& height) {
        int ans = 0;
        stack<int> stk;
        int n = height.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            while (!stk.empty() && height[i] > height[stk.top()]) {
                int top = stk.top();
                stk.pop();
                if (stk.empty()) {
                    break;
                }
                int left = stk.top();
                int currWidth = i - left - 1;
                int currHeight = min(height[left], height[i]) - height[top];
                ans += currWidth * currHeight;
            }
            stk.push(i);
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

方法三：双指针 Link to heading

截屏2021-10-05 下午8.02.39

class Solution {
public:
    int trap(vector<int>& height) {
        int ans = 0;
        int left = 0, right = height.size() - 1;
        int leftMax = 0, rightMax = 0;
        while (left < right) {
            leftMax = max(leftMax, height[left]);
            rightMax = max(rightMax, height[right]);
            if (height[left] < height[right]) {
                ans += leftMax - height[left];
                ++left;
            } else {
                ans += rightMax - height[right];
                --right;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};