Related Topics: “树状数组”: https://leetcode.com/tag/binary-indexed-tree/ “线段树”: https://leetcode.com/tag/segment-tree/ “数组”: https://leetcode.com/tag/array/ “二分查找”: https://leetcode.com/tag/binary-search/ “分治”: https://leetcode.com/tag/divide-and-conquer/ “有序集合”: https://leetcode.com/tag/ordered-set/ “归并排序”: https://leetcode.com/tag/merge-sort/

Problem: Link to heading

在数组中的两个数字，如果前面一个数字大于后面的数字，则这两个数字组成一个逆序对。输入一个数组，求出这个数组中的逆序对的总数。

示例 1:

输入: [7,5,6,4]
输出: 5

限制：

`0 <= 数组长度 <= 50000

Solution: Link to heading

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/shu-zu-zhong-de-ni-xu-dui-lcof/solution/shu-zu-zhong-de-ni-xu-dui-by-leetcode-solution/

class Solution {
public:
    int mergeSort(vector<int>& nums, vector<int>& tmp, int l, int r) {
        if (l >= r) {
            return 0;
        }

        int mid = (l + r) / 2;
        int inv_count = mergeSort(nums, tmp, l, mid) + mergeSort(nums, tmp, mid + 1, r);
        int i = l, j = mid + 1, pos = l;
        while (i <= mid && j <= r) {
            if (nums[i] <= nums[j]) {
                tmp[pos] = nums[i];
                ++i;
                inv_count += (j - (mid + 1));
            }
            else {
                tmp[pos] = nums[j];
                ++j;
            }
            ++pos;
        }
        for (int k = i; k <= mid; ++k) {
            tmp[pos++] = nums[k];
            inv_count += (j - (mid + 1));
        }
        for (int k = j; k <= r; ++k) {
            tmp[pos++] = nums[k];
        }
        copy(tmp.begin() + l, tmp.begin() + r + 1, nums.begin() + l);
        return inv_count;
    }

    int reversePairs(vector<int>& nums) {
        int n = nums.size();
        vector<int> tmp(n);
        return mergeSort(nums, tmp, 0, n - 1);
    }
};